It's the tenth anniversary of the commercialization of biotech
crops. More are planted, grown, and eaten each year. Yet somehow
despite the warnings of environmentalist and organic groups
we've managed to survive - and thrive. Indeed, evidence keeps
building that gene-spliced food can be considerably healthier
than so-called "health food."
Globally, according to the International Service for the Acquisition
of Agri-biotech Applications, biotech acres planted have grown
almost 50-fold since 1996. They now cover the equivalent of
40 percent of the U.S. land area. An increasing percentage of
these crops are in places with hungry populations such as China
and South Africa.
In the United States three-fourths of the cotton, almost half
the corn, and 85 percent of the soybeans planted are biotech.
Considering the massive variety of foods we consume containing
corn and soy and cottonseed oil, almost all of us eat biotech
food daily.
The case for the extraordinary healthiness of biotech crops
is strongest with corn that has an insecticide gene from bacillus
thuringiensis built into it to kill munching moth larvae. In
the U.S., Bt allows farmers to spray less often. A 2004 National
Center for Food and Agricultural Policy Study covering 36 states
found it reduced insecticide use by more than 3.6 million pounds
annually, along with increasing production by more than 4.7
billion pounds and improving farm income by more than $146 million.
But in poorer nations where spraying may be too expensive,
only Bt can prevent caterpillar corn catastrophes. And nasty
things aside from crop loss and bug obesity occur when insects
crunch on corn, including allowing poisonous molds called mycotoxins
to enter the grain.
One mycotoxin is called fumonisin. Although not identified
until 1988, farmers have long observed that moldy corn made
their livestock ill. Since then, a multitude of studies have
shown how frightfully dangerous this disease is to mammals,
birds, and even fish.
While scientists continue to investigate the health effects
of fumonisins (and both rodent and human studies indicate it
may cause human cancer), there's powerful evidence it causes
fatal birth defects. A study published last year in the Journal
of Nutrition found, "High incidences of neural tube defects
in newborns occur in some regions of the world where substantial
consumption of fumonisins has been documented or plausibly suggested."
These include spina bifida, wherein the spine fails to close
during pregnancy, and anencephaly in which a large part of the
brain is missing.
It also discussed a published survey of 409 Mexican-American
women in the Brownsville, Texas, area. Of these, an incredible184
had birthed babies with such defects. Women who ate several
"home-grown" tortillas a day early in their pregnancies
were 2.5 times more likely to have babies with NTF than those
who ate only one daily. Those eating the most actually had a
lower NTF rate, but co-author Dr. Katherine Hendricks of the
Texas Department of Health suggests that could be because their
fetuses were so badly damaged they were spontaneously aborted.
"There's reasonably good epidemiological evidence correlating
the corn consumption and the birth defects, and we've clearly
seen it in rodent studies," says Bruce Chassy, associate
director of the Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois
in Urbana-Champaign. "Further, we've found a mechanism,"
he told me. "Fumonisin seems to block the mother's uptake
of folic acid and we know folic acid deficiency causes NTF."
Highlighting the potential danger from organic corn, British
authorities in 2003 yanked 10 brands of organic corn meal from
supermarkets because they were contaminated with anywhere from
four to 33 times the European Union safety limit.
What if it had been biotech corn withdrawn for any reason?
Blimey! The Brits would have gone stark, staring bonkers! But
it wasn't; so the media ignored it.
In fact, biotech corn isn't just safer than organics but even
than the conventional stuff. One U.S. Agriculture Department
study found fumonisin levels were 3,000 to 4,000 times higher
in non-biotech varieties than in Bt corn.
Mind you, most organic food is quite safe. So is most organic
corn. But the organic industry is all about spooking consumers
into paying more for getting less. Don't buy it.